Mini Paint

Finally , mid-term exams were finished and we took 10 days vacation ( with respect to us CSDians ) .
welcome my Bed , lab , TV .
As usual our staff can't leave us without pressure ,so we have a lot and a lot of deliveries .
regardless that i 'll take about my last lab OOP delivery it was small program that can draw shapes .
First ,i was really worried ,but finally i could do it (el7amdo LLLah) and also could enhance it with some features .
It is considered very dull ,but it's my joy with my first external program :D .
Now i'll let u with some shortcuts of it :











after pressing REFRESH button :

Google Fast Flip

In 9/14/2009 Google has announced the public availability of another one of its Google Labs projects—one that aims to improve efficiency in reading content on the web . Google Fast Flip
accessible at fastflip.googlelabs.com .
Fast Flip enables you to flip through articles really fast without unnatural delays .
It lets you rapidly flip forward to the content you like, without the constant wait for things to load. Imagine taking 10 seconds to turn the page of a print magazine !!!!
At the same time, It provides aggregation and search over many top newspapers and magazines, and the ability to share content with friends and community.
The front page of Fast Flip presents you with several rows of content that can be sorted by topic—the top row lets you choose between recent, most viewed, and recommended headlines, while the second row lets you choose between various hot topics . and the third row lets you choose between specific news sources .
Now , browsing the news is easier than any other time . well done Google always forward :D .

Linux Kernel Story

I won't talk about Linus Torvalds as a human but as a famous computer programmer - the most famous programmer at all - Who is Linus ?!! ...... and How did he become famous ?!! .... here I will try to answer these questions .

Linus Torvalds is the world's most famous computer programmer . He is the founder and coordinator of Linux , the Unix-like operating system that is beginning to revolutionize the computer industry and possibly much else as well . He is truly one of the great tales in the history of the computers .
Linus Torvalds was born on December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, Finland . He was named after Linus Pauling , the famous physical chemist and Nobel Prize winner. Linus took an early interest in computers mainly through the influence of his maternal grandfather - a professor of statistics at the University of Helsinki .

Linus Torvalds enrolled at the University of Helsinki in 1988 where he studied computer science.
In 1987 Torvalds used his savings to buy his first computer , a Sinclair QL . This was one of the world's first 32-bit computers for home use . however he soon became unhappy with it because of it could not be reprogrammed due to the operating system residing in ROM (read-only memory) . Torvalds was disappointed with the MS-DOS operating system that came with it. That operating system had not advanced sufficiently .

He thus strongly preferred the much more powerful and stable UNIX operating system that he had become accustomed to using on the university's computers . Torvalds attempted to obtain a version of UNIX for his new computer . he could not find even a basic system for less than US$5,000. He also considered MINIX, a small clone of UNIX that was created by operating systems expert , although much more powerful than MS-DOS and designed to run on Intel x86 processors, MINIX still had some serious disadvantages . They included the facts that not all of the source code was made public , it lacked some of the features and performance of UNIX and there was a not-insignificant (although cheaper than many other operating systems) licensing fee .

In 1990 he took his first class in the C programming language, the language that he would soon use to write the Linux kernel (i.e., the core of the operating system).

Source code is the version of software (e.g., an operating system or an application program) as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human using a programming language (such as assembly, BASIC, C or Java) and before it is compiled (i.e., converted by a compiler) into machine language, which the processor (but not humans) can understand directly. Having the source code is necessary in order to study or improve software. A highly skilled programmer such as Torvalds can easily become bored and frustrated with software for which the source code is not available .

So , Torvalds decided to create a new operating system from scratch that was based on both MINIX and UNIX.
Torvalds decided to take a break and devote his full attention to his project.
in 1991 he announced his initial creation on the MINIX newsgroup comp.os.minix :

Message-ID: 1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.helsinki.fi
From: torvalds@klaava.helsinki.fi (Linus Benedict Torvalds)
To: Newsgroups: comp.os.minix
Subject: What would you like to see most in minix?
Summary: small poll for my new operating system

Hello everybody out there using minix-

I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386 (486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-sytem due to practical reasons)among other things.

I've currently ported bash (1.08) an gcc (1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that i'll get something practical within a few months, and I'd like to know what features most people want.

Any suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-)

Linus Torvalds torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi

after a period of self-imposed isolation he completed his project . Yes !!!!!!!! he did it and achieved Unprecedented success . He decided to release Linux under the GPL (GNU General Public License) rather than under the more restrictive license that he had earlier planned -Code licensed under the GNU GPL can be used in other projects- Developed by Richard Stallman, a notable programmer and a leading advocate of free software, this most popular of the free software licenses allows anyone to study, use, modify, extend and redistribute the software as long as they make the source code freely available for any modified versions that they create and then redistribute .




Torvalds originally gave his new operating system the working name Linux (from Linus' MINIX) .
and gave it the the penguin as logo ,he liked them alot and to make that kind of goofy and fun .
Finally , I can say that Linux is a new birth had just been announced in the open source world .

Breif Introduction to Open Source

Since this my first post in this blog ,I decided that it will be about open source .
why open source specially ?! ! ..... Well , in my opinion open source is a matchless approach that changed whole the IT world , made it easier and in Constant Evolution . so ,now we will deepen slightly in open source software .

In abstract view ,we will see that Open source software, Free software or software libre is any software whose code is published and made available to the public , so anyone can see the code , see how it is made , enabling any one to copy , modify and redistribute the source code without paying any royalties or fees , without restrictions or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do these things .

The main characteristic that distinguish open source approach from others that it is free !! ........ yes , it is free , anyone can study , copy , distribute , change and improve the software without paying anything . That besides better quality , higher reliability , more flexibility , and an end to predatory vendor that made open source products much better from closed source ones .

Now , we came to open source freedoms : the program's users have these four essential freedoms :
* The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
* The freedom to study how the program works , and change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this .
* The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).
* The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the public , so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this too .
A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of the program . Therefore , accessibility of source code is a necessary condition for free software . Then , The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with the developer or any other specific entity .

Free software has become the foundation of a learning society where we share our knowledge in a way that others can build upon and enjoy .


The free software movement was started in 1983 by computer scientist Richard M. Stallman, when he launched a project called GNU, which stands for “GNU is Not UNIX”, to provide a replacement for the UNIX operating system - the Operating System Prevailing time - a replacement that would respect the freedoms of those using it .
The goal was to bring a wholly free software operating system into existence. Stallman wanted computer users to be free to study the source code of the software they use, free to modify the behaviour of the software, and free to publish their modified versions of the software. This philosophy was published in 1985 as The GNU Manifesto . Richard Stallman said: "Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of 'free' as in 'free speech', not as in 'free beer" .


Then in 1985, Stallman started the Free Software Foundation (FSF) a nonprofit with the mission of advocating and educating on behalf of computer users around the world and wrote the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) in 1989 . In the mid- and late-80s, FSF hired software developers to write the software needed for GNU. At its peak it had 15 people on its staff .

FSF also holds the copyrights for some GNU software packages. Most GNU packages are licensed under the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), while a few use the GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL), and a still smaller amount use other free software licenses.
GNU would be mostly compatible with Unix,( The Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in the 1960s and first released in 1970 ) which was a popular proprietary operating system at that time .
Naming : The FSF recommends using the term "free software" rather than "open source software" because, they state in a paper on Free Software philosophy, the latter term and the associated marketing campaign focuses on the technical issues of software development, avoiding the issue of user freedoms. "Libre" is used to avoid the ambiguity of the word "free" .

Linus Torvalds has said that if the GNU kernel had been available at the time (1991), he would not have decided to write his own . but Torvalds began to work on a non-commercial replacement for MINIX -a small clone of UNIX . He became the world's most famous computer programmer and the founder and coordinator of Linux, the Unix-like operating system which we will talk about it later .

There are now many variants or 'distributions' of this GNU operating system using the kernel Linux . GNU's kernel isn't finished , so GNU is used with the kernel Linux . The combination of GNU and Linux is the GNU/Linux .Sometimes this combination is incorrectly called Linux . There are many variants or “distributions” of GNU/Linux .

Today , there is a wide range of open source software available, and new projects are being started all the time . Certainly the impressive list of industry heavyweights now supporting Linux open source operating system including Sun, Oracle, and IBM have given credence to this view. Open source code evolves through community cooperation. These
communities are composed of individual programmers as well as very large companies . Some
examples of open source initiatives are Linux kernal , Eclipse , Apache , Mozilla , the BSD , GNU/Linux operating systems , the GNU Compiler Collection and C library, the MySQL relational database , the Apache web server , emacs text editor , the X Window System graphical-display system , the OpenOffice . org office suite and the TeX and LaTeX typesetting systems and various projects hosted on SourceForge .
Today, free software is available for just about any task you can imagine .